[1]羊 箭,严 昉,李佳怡,等.清代戏曲服饰行当制的守正创新机制研究[J].服装学报,2026,11(03):261-268.
 YANG Jian,YAN Fang,LI Jiayi,et al.Study on Conservation and Innovation Mechanisms in Qing Opera Costume Hangdang System[J].Journal of Clothing Research,2026,11(03):261-268.
点击复制

清代戏曲服饰行当制的守正创新机制研究()

《服装学报》[ISSN:2096-1928/CN:32-1864/TS]

卷:
第11卷
期数:
2026年03期
页码:
261-268
栏目:
服装设计
出版日期:
2026-07-23

文章信息/Info

Title:
Study on Conservation and Innovation Mechanisms in Qing Opera Costume Hangdang System
作者:
羊 箭;  严 昉;  李佳怡;  吕炫烨
浙江理工大学 服装学院,浙江 杭州 310018
Author(s):
YANG Jian;  YAN Fang;  LI Jiayi;  L? Xuanye
School of Fashion Design and Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018, China
分类号:
J 821.5
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
针对当前戏曲服饰创新中存在的程式消解、符号同质化等问题,以及现有研究视角单一、缺乏动态机制解析的理论局限,以清代戏曲服饰行当制为研究对象,探究其“守正创新”的内在机理。研究采用扎根理论,整合《穿戴题纲》、清宫档案、专家访谈及实物图像等多源质性数据,通过三级编码分析,构建了“规制边界体系—符号实践机制—多层竞合生态”的三维耦合理论模型。研究表明,行当制依托宫廷礼制、行当专属、戏箱管理及技艺秘传规则构筑“不可变轴”,确立角色身份识别底线; 依托视觉符号、写意美学、伦理教化与文化融合形成“可变域”,达到“形可变、意相通”的创造性转化; 依靠宫廷审美、市场竞争、跨剧种交流与弹性调控机制形成多层竞合生态,持续驱动演化动力,促进戏曲服饰不断演化并形成反馈校验的闭环。该模型揭示了清代戏曲服饰行当制这一活态文化系统的运行逻辑,为非物质文化遗产的“创造性转化、创新性发展”提供了兼具理论解释力与实践指导价值的分析框架。
Abstract:
To address the problems of formal convention dissolution and symbolic homogenization existing in the current innovation of traditional opera costumes, as well as the theoretical limitations of single research perspectives and insufficient analysis of dynamic mechanisms in extant studies, this paper took the role classification system of Qing Dynasty opera costumes as the research object and explored its internal mechanism of "upholding fundamentals while pursuing innovation". This research adopted grounded theory, integrated multi-source qualitative data including Chuan Dai Ti Gang, Qing Palace archives, expert interviews and physical object images, and constructed a three-dimensional coupled theoretical model of "normative boundary system-symbolic practice mechanism-multi-layer competitive-cooperative ecosystem" through three-level coding analysis. The study shows that the role classification system constructs an "invariant axis" on the basis of court rituals, role-specific specifications, opera costume box management systems and industry craft inheritance rules, which establishes the bottom line of character identity recognition. It also forms a "variable domain" through visual symbols, freehand aesthetics, ethical education and cultural integration, so as to realize the creative transformation of "variable forms with consistent connotations". Guided by court aesthetic orientation, market competition incentives, cross-genre opera exchanges and mutual learning, as well as flexible regulation and screening mechanisms, a multi-layer competitive-cooperative ecosystem takes shape, which continuously generates evolutionary momentum, promotes the continuous evolution of traditional opera costumes, and forms a closed feedback loop. This model reveals the operational logic of the living cultural system of the Qing Dynasty opera costume role classification system, and provides an analytical framework with theoretical explanatory power and practical guiding significance for the "creative transformation and innovative development" of intangible cultural heritage.

参考文献/References:

[1] 苏静. 中国传统戏曲服饰的审美范畴[J]. 四川戏剧, 2021(9): 28-32.
Su Jing. Aesthetic categories of Chinese traditional opera costumes[J]. Sichuan Theatre, 2021(9): 28-32.(in Chinese)
[2] 张锐. 北京故宫博物院藏清宫戏衣研究[J]. 戏曲艺术, 2017, 38(4): 129-133.
Zhang Rui. Research on Qing Dynasty costumes collected in Beijing Palace museum[J]. Journal of National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, 2017, 38(4): 129-133.(in Chinese)
[3] 曹连明. 《穿戴题纲》与故宫藏清代戏曲服饰及道具[J]. 故宫学刊, 2014(2): 133-139.
Cao Lianming. Chuandai Tigang, Qing Dynasty opera costumes and props collected by the Palace Museum[J]. Journal of Gugong Studies, 2014(2): 133-139.(in Chinese)
[4] 陆笑笑. 当下戏剧舞台服饰创新认知误区辨识及对策[J]. 戏剧(中央戏剧学院学报), 2021(2): 26-35.
Lu Xiaoxiao. Approaches to the misunderstanding of current innovation of stage costume[J]. Drama(Journal of the Central Academy of Drama), 2021(2): 26-35.(in Chinese)
[5] 苏静, 潘健华. 形表一体: 中国传统戏曲服饰形式美装扮价值论略[J]. 戏曲艺术, 2022, 43(1): 95-100.
Su Jing, Pan Jianhua.Integration of form and expression: a brief study on the formal beauty and dressing value of Chinese traditional opera costumes[J]. Journal of National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, 2022, 43(1): 95-100.(in Chinese)
[6] 宋俊华. 《穿戴题纲》与清代宫廷演剧[J]. 中山大学学报(社会科学版), 2007, 47(4): 22-28.
Song Junhua. Chuan Dai Ti Gang and the court theatre of the Qing Dynasty[J]. Journal of Sun Yatsen University(Social Science Edition), 2007, 47(4): 22-28.(in Chinese)
[7] 汤婕妤, 潘健华. 装扮之符: 中国戏曲服饰的特征、功能与理念[J]. 艺术评论, 2025(8): 119-132.
Tang Jieyu, Pan Jianhua. The symbols of adornment: characteristics, functions, and concepts of costumes in traditional Chinese opera[J]. Arts Criticism, 2025(8): 119-132.(in Chinese)
[8] 潘健华. “戏曲服装是表演一部分”新辨[J]. 戏曲艺术, 2018, 39(1): 76-80, 64.
Pan Jianhua. A new debate on "traditional Chinese opera costume is a part of performance"[J]. Journal of National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, 2018, 39(1): 76-80, 64.(in Chinese)
[9] 国家发展改革委,中央宣传部,住房和城乡建设部,等.文化保护传承利用工程实施方案[EB/OL].发改社会〔2024〕374号,2024-03-22.https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202404/content_6943800.htm.
[10] 周月, 潘健华. 戏曲水袖考[J]. 艺术百家, 2024, 40(4): 92-98.
Zhou Yue, Pan Jianhua. Water sleeves in xiqu[J]. Hundred Schools in Arts, 2024, 40(4): 92-98.(in Chinese)
[11] 夏柯. 清代戏曲对满汉交融的催润[J]. 求索, 2009(10): 223-225.
Xia Ke. The Qing Dynasty opera’s impelling effect on Manchu-Chinese blending[J]. Seeker, 2009(10): 223-225.(in Chinese)
[12] 杨青青. 中国戏曲服饰纹样元素码应用的“新媒体”交互视觉设计[J]. 美术研究, 2020(3): 67-70.
Yang Qingqing. Interactive visual design of "new media" based on coded application of pattern elements in Chinese opera costumes[J]. Art Research, 2020(3): 67-70.(in Chinese)
[13] 张佳佳, 彭国斌. 戏剧符号学下中国式舞台视觉设计的意象化表达[J]. 四川戏剧, 2023(2): 142-145.
Zhang Jiajia, Peng Guobin. Imagery expression of Chinese stage visual design under drama semiotics[J]. Sichuan Drama, 2023(2): 142-145.(in Chinese)
[14] 卞向阳, 言婷. 清代女褂戏曲主题服饰纹样的叙事研究——以“白纱地洒线绣戏曲人物女褂”为例[J]. 艺术设计研究, 2023(4): 57-64.
Bian Xiangyang, Yan Ting. A narrative study of costume patterns with theatrical themes in women’s garment of the Qing Dynasty: taking "woman’s upper garment with embroidered operatic figure on a white sha gauze ground" as an example[J]. Art and Design Research, 2023(4): 57-64.(in Chinese)
[15] 程瑜怀, 潘健华. 图腾崇拜——中国传统戏曲服饰的符号基因[J]. 戏剧(中央戏剧学院学报), 2022(4): 95-103.
Cheng Yuhuai, Pan Jianhua. Totem worship: symbolic genes in Chinese traditional opera costumes[J]. Drama(Journal of the Central Academy of Drama), 2022(4): 95-103.(in Chinese)
[16] 傅谨. 脚色与行当[J]. 中国文学批评, 2020(2): 71-79.
Fu Jin. Characters and trade roles[J]. Chinese Journal of Literary Criticism, 2020(2): 71-79.(in Chinese)
[17] 孙鱼洋, 潘健华. 主次有别: 戏曲服饰“六有别”穿戴规制的新成分迭代[J]. 艺术百家, 2023, 39(4): 115-121.
Sun Yuyang, Pan Jianhua. Distinctions between primary and secondary roles: iteration of new elements in the costumes regulations of the "six distinctions" in traditional Chinese opera clothing[J]. Hundred Schools in Arts, 2023, 39(4): 115-121.(in Chinese)
[18] 王绍军. 戏曲表演程式的类型化衍变[J]. 戏曲艺术, 2021, 42(4): 112-119.
Wang Shaojun. Typological evolution of opera performance conventions[J]. Journal of National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, 2021, 42(4): 112-119.(in Chinese)
[19] 陈向明. 扎根理论的思路和方法[J]. 教育研究与实验, 1999(4): 58- 63, 73.
Chen Xiangming. Grounded theory: its train of thought and methods[J]. Educational Research and Experiment, 1999(4): 58- 63, 73.(in Chinese)
[20] Strauss A L. Qualitative analysis for social scientists[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
[21] 陈庚, 周东阳. 互联网时代的戏剧传播机理及其发展进路——基于戏剧明星王珮瑜网络评论的扎根分析[J]. 文化软实力研究, 2023, 8(2): 33- 48.
Chen Geng, Zhou Dongyang. The mechanism of drama communication and its development in the Internet era: an grounded analysis based on the online comments of drama star Wang Peiyu[J]. Studies on Cultural Soft Power, 2023, 8(2): 33- 48.(in Chinese)
[22] 屈萍, 邵小龙. 基于扎根理论构建明代赐服对朝鲜半岛服饰影响的模型[J]. 服装学报, 2024, 9(6): 530-539.
Qu Ping, Shao Xiaolong. Construction of an influence model of Ming Dynasty granted clothing on Korean Peninsula attire based on grounded theory[J]. Journal of Clothing Research, 2024, 9(6): 530-539.(in Chinese)
[23] 崔唯, 强凯, 王晓宇. 传统京剧戏衣“上下五色”穿戴规制形成与特点探析[J]. 中国艺术, 2020(3): 64-73.
Cui Wei, Qiang Kai, Wang Xiaoyu. Research on the characteristics and formation of the "high and low five-color system" dressing regulation in traditional Peking Opera costume[J]. Chinese Art, 2020(3): 64-73.(in Chinese)
[24] 刘春, 徐子方. 从“穿关”指代内容演变看传统戏曲衣箱制的历史发展[J]. 中国戏剧, 2021(3): 60- 62.
Liu Chun, Xu Zifang. Historical development of traditional opera costume trunk system viewed from the evolution of reference contents of "chuanguan"[J]. Chinese Theatre, 2021(3): 60- 62.(in Chinese)
[25] 孙晓华. 剧装戏具制作技艺[M]. 北京: 北京美术摄影出版社, 2015: 96-99.
[26] 朱家溍. 清代的戏曲服饰史料[J]. 故宫博物院院刊, 1979(4): 26-32, 98-99.
Zhu Jiajin. Historical materials of traditional Chinese opera costumes in Qing Dynasty[J]. Palace Museum Journal, 1979(4): 26-32, 98-99.(in Chinese)
[27] 黄琼. 资本运作与文化跃迁: 清代徽商推动乱弹戏宫廷化的动力机制[J]. 艺术评鉴, 2024(15): 1-8.
Huang Qiong. Capital operation and cultural transition: dynamic mechanism of Huizhou merchants promoting the courtization of luantan opera in the Qing Dynasty[J]. Art Evaluation, 2024(15): 1-8.(in Chinese)
[28] 卢曼.社会系统的自我再生产[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2020:45- 47.
[29] 熊亦冉. 作为社会建构的时尚——戴安娜·克兰《时尚及其社会议题: 服装中的阶级、性别与认同》导读[J]. 民族艺术, 2022(2): 157-168.
Xiong Yiran. Fashion as a social construct: an introduction to Diana Crane’s Fashion and Its Social Agendas: Class, Gender and Identity in Clothing[J]. National Arts, 2022(2): 157-168.(in Chinese)
[30] 别松梅. 戏班的社会冲突与戏曲表演的适应性调节[J]. 戏曲艺术, 2022, 43(2): 89-95.
Bie Songmei.Social conflicts of opera troupes and adaptive adjustment of opera performances[J]. Journal of National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, 2022, 43(2): 89-95.(in Chinese)
[31] 杜萍. 传统艺术的活化新生[J]. 文化产业, 2025(34): 1-3.
Du Ping. Revitalization and rebirth of traditional art[J]. Cultural Production, 2025(34): 1-3.(in Chinese)
[32] 傅谨. 戏曲传承是发展的前提[J]. 中国戏剧, 2023(9): 6-9.
Fu Jin. Opera inheritance as the prerequisite of development[J]. Chinese Theatre, 2023(9): 6-9.(in Chinese)
[33] 张淑贤. 清宫戏曲文物[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2008: 6.
[34] 陈申.中国京剧戏衣图谱[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2009.
[35] 商昌宝. “戏改” 与 “百花齐放”: 20世纪50年代戏曲政策的解读[J]. 戏曲艺术, 2007, 28(3): 66- 69.
Shang Changbao."Opera reform" and "let a hundred flowers bloom": interpretation of opera policies in the 1950s[J]. Journal of National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, 2007, 28(3): 66- 69.(in Chinese)
[36] 赵丽, 崔筝. 清代宫廷萨满祭祀绣龙纹缎幅与晚清时期宫廷染料过渡[J]. 丝绸, 2026(1): 86-95.
Zhao Li, Cui Zheng. Transition of dyes in the late Qing Dynasty through shamanic ritual hangings: embroidered dragon-patterned satins from the Palace Museum[J]. Journal of Silk, 2026(1): 86-95.(in Chinese)
(责任编辑:卢 杰)

更新日期/Last Update: 2026-06-30